SSO单点登录
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作者QQ549710689
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MyEclipse10: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1eRPzTJG
JDK1.7 : https://pan.baidu.com/s/1jHWJSdK
1.认识SSO
单点登录（Single Sign On），简称为 SSO，是目前比较流行的企业业务整合的解决方案之一。SSO的定义是在多个应用系统中，用户只需要登录一次就可以访问所有相互信任的应用系统。
单点登录的机制其实是比较简单的，用一个现实中的例子做比较。颐和园是北京著名的旅游景点，也是我常去的地方。在颐和园内部有许多独立的景点，例如“苏州 街”、“佛香阁”和“德和园”，都可以在各个景点门口单独买票。很多游客需要游玩所有的景点，这种买票方式很不方便，需要在每个景点门口排队买票，钱包拿 进拿出的，容易丢失，很不安全。于是绝大多数游客选择在大门口买一张通票（也叫套票），就可以玩遍所有的景点而不需要重新再买票。他们只需要在每个景点门 口出示一下刚才买的套票就能够被允许进入每个独立的景点。
2.SSO实现机制
单点登录的机制也一样，如下图所示，当用户第一次访问应用系统1的时候，因为还没有登录，会被引导到认证系统中进行登录（1）；根据用户提供的登录信息，认证系统进行身份效验，如果通过效验，应该返回给用户一个认证的凭据－－ticket（2）；用户再访问别的应用的时候（3，5）就会将这个ticket带上，作为自己认证的凭据，应用系统接受到请求之后会把ticket送到认证系统进行效验，检查ticket的合法性（4，6）。如果通过效验，用户就可以在不用再次登录的情况下访问应用系统2和应用系统3了。
统一的认证系统并不是说只有单个的认证服务器，如下图所示，整个系统可以存在两个以上的认证服务器，这些服务器甚至可以是不同的产品。认证服务器之间要通过标准的通讯协议，互相交换认证信息，就能完成更高级别的单点登录。如下图，当用户在访问应用系统1时，由第一个认证服务器进行认证后，得到由此服务器产生的ticket。当他访问应用系统4的时候，认证服务器2能够识别此ticket是由第一个服务器产生的，通过认证服务器之间标准的通讯协议（例如SAML）来交换认证信息，仍然能够完成SSO的功能。
3. Web-SSO实现方法
例如用户在访问页面1的时候进行了登录，客户端(浏览器)的每个请求都是单独的连接，当客户再次访问页面2的时候，如何才能告诉Web服务器，客户刚才已经登录过了呢？浏览器和服务器之间有约定：通过使用cookie技术来维护应用的状态。Cookie是可以被Web服务器设置的字符串，并且可以保存在浏览器中。如下图所示，当浏览器访问了页面1时，web服务器设置了一个cookie，并将这个cookie和页面1一起返回给浏览器，浏览器接到cookie之后，就会保存起来，在它访问页面2的时候会把这个cookie也带上，Web服务器接到请求时也能读出cookie的值，根据cookie值的内容就可以判断和恢复一些用户的信息状态。Web-SSO完全可以利用Cookie来完成用户登录信息的保存，将浏览器中的Cookie和上文中的Ticket结合起来，完成SSO的功能。
4. 实例概述
本实例一共有三个Web工程, SSOAuth, SSOWebDemo1, SSOWebDemo2, 访问SSOWebDemo1的jsp页面时，demo1的应用程序会判断是否登录，如果未登录，进入登录页面，如果已经登录，显示登录人的基本信息; 同样访问SSOWebDemo2的jsp页面时，也会像访问SSOWebDemo1一样。 SSOWebDemo1与SSOWebDemo2的跳转的登录页面由SSOAuth提供, 用户信息由SSOAuth进行校验
4.1访问SSOWebDemo1路径: http://localhost:8080/SSOWebDemo1/test.jsp
如果未登录成功,跳转到登录页面,见下图
如果已经登录，则显示登录人信息, 见下图
同理 SSOWebDemo2
5. 代码详解(由于SSOWebDemo1与SSOWebDemo2类别，下面只讲解SSOWebDemo1和SSOAuth)
5.1 SSOWebDemo1的web.xml中配置jsp过滤器，访问工程中页面时，会被过滤器类SSOFilter拦截
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"> <filter> <filter-name>SSOFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>SSO.SSOFilter</filter-class> <!-- <init-param> <param-name>CookieName</param-name> <param-value>SsoTicket</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>SSOServiceURL</param-name> <param-value>http://localhost:8080/SSOAuth/SSOAuth</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>SSOLoginPage</param-name> <param-value>http://localhost:8080/SSOAuth/login.jsp</param-value> </init-param> --> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>SSOFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <session-config> <session-timeout> 60 </session-timeout> </session-config> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file> index.jsp </welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
5.2 SSOFilter拦截器中获取浏览器中所有cookie信息，判断是否有需要处理的cookie(根据名称), 如果没有，则认为其未登录, 页面跳转到登录页面; 如果cookie列表有需要处理的cookie,调用SSOAuth接口判断cookie是否有效，如果无效，由跳转到登录页面， 如果有效，SSOAuth返回用户基本信息给SSOWebDemo1,将用户信息显示在页面上
package SSO;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.StringWriter;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
public class SSOFilter implements Filter {
private FilterConfig filterConfig = null;
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
log("SSOFilter:doFilter()");
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res;
String result = "failed";
String url = request.getRequestURL().toString();
String qstring = request.getQueryString();
log("SSOFilter: 访问路径:" + url);
log("SSOFilter: 查询参数:" + qstring);
if (qstring == null)
qstring = "";
String cookieValue = "";
//获取所有cookie信息
Cookie[] diskCookies = request.getCookies();
if (diskCookies != null) {
for (int i = 0; i < diskCookies.length; i++) {
//根据名称判断是否含有需要处理的cookie
if (diskCookies[i].getName().equals(Constant.CookieName)) {
cookieValue = diskCookies[i].getValue();
log("SSOFilter: cookie[" + Constant.CookieName + "," + cookieValue + "]");
//将获取的cookie值发送给SSOAuth进行校验,
//无效返回failed, 有效返回用户信息
result = SSOService(cookieValue);
log("SSOFilter: SSOAuth 返回值:" + result);
break;
}
}
}
if (result.equals("failed")) {
//页面跳转到SSOAuth中的登录页面, goto对应的url为登录成功后跳转的页面路径
response.sendRedirect(Constant.SSOLoginPage + "?goto=" + url);
} else if (qstring.indexOf("logout") > 1) {
log("SSOFilter: logout action!");
logoutService(cookieValue);
response.sendRedirect(Constant.SSOLoginPage + "?goto=" + url);
} else {
//将用户的json串信息 反转 为User对象
User user = JSON.parseObject(result, User.class);
request.setAttribute("SSOUser", user);
Throwable problem = null;
try {
chain.doFilter(req, res);
} catch (Throwable t) {
problem = t;
t.printStackTrace();
}
if (problem != null) {
if ((problem instanceof ServletException))
throw ((ServletException) problem);
if ((problem instanceof IOException))
throw ((IOException) problem);
sendProcessingError(problem, res);
}
}
}
public FilterConfig getFilterConfig() {
return this.filterConfig;
}
public void setFilterConfig(FilterConfig filterConfig) {
this.filterConfig = filterConfig;
}
public void destroy() {
}
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) {
this.filterConfig = filterConfig;
if (filterConfig != null) {
log("SSOFilter:Initializing filter");
}
/*获取web.xml的配置信息*/
/*Constant.CookieName = filterConfig.getInitParameter("CookieName");
Constant.SSOServiceURL = filterConfig.getInitParameter("SSOServiceURL");
Constant.SSOLoginPage = filterConfig.getInitParameter("SSOLoginPage");*/
}
public String toString() {
if (this.filterConfig == null)
return "SSOFilter()";
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("SSOFilter(");
sb.append(this.filterConfig);
sb.append(")");
return sb.toString();
}
private void sendProcessingError(Throwable t, ServletResponse response) {
String stackTrace = getStackTrace(t);
if ((stackTrace != null) && (!stackTrace.equals(""))) {
try {
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintStream ps = new PrintStream(response.getOutputStream());
PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(ps);
pw.print("<html>\n<head>\n<title>Error</title>\n</head>\n<body>\n");
pw.print("<h1>The resource did not process correctly</h1>\n<pre>\n");
pw.print(stackTrace);
pw.print("</pre></body>\n</html>");
pw.close();
ps.close();
response.getOutputStream().close();
} catch (Exception ex) {
}
} else
try {
PrintStream ps = new PrintStream(response.getOutputStream());
t.printStackTrace(ps);
ps.close();
response.getOutputStream().close();
} catch (Exception ex) {
}
}
public static String getStackTrace(Throwable t) {
String stackTrace = null;
try {
StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(sw);
t.printStackTrace(pw);
pw.close();
sw.close();
stackTrace = sw.getBuffer().toString();
} catch (Exception ex) {
}
return stackTrace;
}
/**
* 使用HttpClient向SSOAuth鉴权
* @param cookievalue
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
private String SSOService(String cookievalue) throws IOException {
String authAction = "?action=authcookie&cookiename=";
HttpClient httpclient = new HttpClient();
GetMethod httpget = new GetMethod(Constant.SSOServiceURL + authAction + cookievalue);
try {
httpclient.executeMethod(httpget);
String result = httpget.getResponseBodyAsString();
return result;
} finally {
httpget.releaseConnection();
}
}
/**
* 退出，让SSOAuth删除用户鉴权信息
*/
private void logoutService(String cookievalue) throws IOException {
String authAction = "?action=logout&cookiename=";
HttpClient httpclient = new HttpClient();
GetMethod httpget = new GetMethod(Constant.SSOServiceURL + authAction + cookievalue);
try {
httpclient.executeMethod(httpget);
httpget.getResponseBodyAsString();
} finally {
httpget.releaseConnection();
}
}
public void log(String msg) {
this.filterConfig.getServletContext().log("[工程1]" + msg);
}
}5.3 基本常量信息
package SSO;
public class Constant {
public static String CookieName = "SsoTicket";
public static String SSOServiceURL = "http://localhost:8080/SSOAuth/SSOAuth";
public static String SSOLoginPage = "http://localhost:8080/SSOAuth/login.jsp";
public static final boolean debug = true;
}5.4 SSOWebDemo1中访问的jsp页面
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt" prefix="fmt"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="fn" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/functions" %>
<%@ page import="SSO.User" %>
<%
String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>系统1</title>
<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="css.css">
</head>
<body topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" rightmargin="0" bottommargin="0">
<br>
<div>
<h1>系统1登录成功</h1>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="748">
<tr>
<td height="100" width="300">
<h3>Welcome!</h3>
<h4>姓名: <%=((User)request.getAttribute("SSOUser")).getUserName()%></h4>
<h4>密码: <%=((User)request.getAttribute("SSOUser")).getPassword()%></h4>
<h4>年龄: <%=((User)request.getAttribute("SSOUser")).getAge()%></h4>
<h4>地址: <%=((User)request.getAttribute("SSOUser")).getAddress()%></h4>
<h3>Success Access Web SSO Demo1</h3><br>
<h3><a href="test.jsp?action=logout">LogOut</a></h3>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-
6.下面讲解SSOAuth
6.1 web.xml中配置servlet,用于向SSOWebDemo1,SSOWebDemo2提供接口调用，
接口功能: SSOWebDemo1根据cookie值到SSOAuth中获取登录人基本信息;
SSOAuth自身的登录退出操作
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"> <servlet> <servlet-name>SSOAuth</servlet-name> <servlet-class>SSO.SSOAuth</servlet-class> <!-- <init-param> <param-name>domainname</param-name> <param-value>localhost</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>cookiename</param-name> <param-value>SsoTicket</param-value> </init-param> --> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>SSOAuth</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/SSOAuth</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <session-config> <session-timeout> 30 </session-timeout> </session-config> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file> index.jsp </welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
6.2 SSOAuth类详解
SSOAuth初始一个线程同步对象 ConcurrentMap SSOIDs; 此对象存储key: cookie, value: 用户信息
当用户登录时，判断用户的用户名与密码是否正确,如果正确, 使用相应算法生成cookie值 和 用户信息保存在SSOIDs中;
登录成功后，将cookie信息让浏览器进行保存;
SSOWebDemo1中发出SSO校验请求，根据传递的cookie参数值判断是否有效,如果有效，将对应的用户信息返回;
SSOWebDemo1中发出退出操作请求，根据cookie参数来删除SSOIDs对应的用户信息
package SSO;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
public class SSOAuth extends HttpServlet {
private static ConcurrentMap SSOIDs;
protected void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
String action = request.getParameter("action");
String gotoURL = request.getParameter("goto");
String result = "failed";
if (action == null) {
userLogin(request, response);
} else if (action.equals("authcookie")) {
String myCookie = request.getParameter("cookiename");
if (myCookie != null)
result = authCookie(myCookie);
out.print(result);
out.close();
} else if (action.equals("logout")) {
String myCookie = request.getParameter("cookiename");
logout(myCookie);
out.close();
}
}
public static String authCookie(String value) {
User user= (User) SSOIDs.get(value);
String strUserInfo = "";
if (user == null) {
strUserInfo = "failed";
System.out.println("Authentication failed!");
} else {
strUserInfo = JSON.toJSONString(user);
System.out.println("Authentication success!");
}
return strUserInfo;
}
/**
* 校验用户登录信息是否正确
* @param userName
* @param password
* @return
*/
public static User authUser(String userName, String password) {
if(null == userName || null == password){
return null;
}
User loginUser = null;
for(User user : Constant.UserAccounts){
if(userName.equals(user.getUserName()) && password.equals(user.getPassword())){
loginUser = user;
}
}
return loginUser;
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
processRequest(request, response);
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
processRequest(request, response);
}
public String getServletInfo() {
return "Short description";
}
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
super.init(config);
/*this.domainname = config.getInitParameter("domainname");
this.cookiename = config.getInitParameter("cookiename");*/
SSOIDs = new ConcurrentHashMap();
}
private static String createUID(String userName) {
Date now = new Date();
long time = now.getTime();
return userName + time;
}
/**
*
* @param UID
*/
private void logout(String UID) {
System.out.println("Logout for " + UID);
SSOIDs.remove(UID);
}
/**
*
* @param request
* @param response
* @throws ServletException
* @throws IOException
*/
private void userLogin(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
String userName = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
User user = authUser(userName, password);
if (null == user){
getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/failed.html").forward(request, response);
}else{
String gotoURL = request.getParameter("goto");
String newID = createUID(userName);
SSOIDs.put(newID, user);
add2Cookie(response, Constant.CookieName, newID, 60 * 1000);
System.out.println("login success, goto back url:" + gotoURL);
if (gotoURL != null) {
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
response.sendRedirect(gotoURL);
out.close();
}
}
}
/**
*
* @param response
* @param cookieName
* @param cookieValue
* @param maxAge
*/
private void add2Cookie(HttpServletResponse response, String cookieName,
String cookieValue, int maxAge) {
Cookie cookie = new Cookie(cookieName, cookieValue);
cookie.setDomain(Constant.DomainName);
cookie.setPath("/");
cookie.setMaxAge(maxAge);
response.addCookie(cookie);
}
}6.3 登录页面
<%@page contentType="text/html"%>
<%@page pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>登录</title>
<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="css.css">
</head>
<body topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" rightmargin="0" bottommargin="0">
<br>
<div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="748">
<tr>
<td height="85" width="300">
<h3>统一登录页面</h3>
<br>
<h1>登录页面</h1></td>
</tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="748">
<tr>
<td>
<table border='0' cellspacing='0' cellpadding='0'>
<tr>
<td width='598' valign='top'>
<p>
<form action='/SSOAuth/SSOAuth' method='post'>
用户名: <input type='text' name='username'><br><br>
密 码: <input type='password' name='password'> <br>
<input type='hidden' name='goto' value=<%=request.getParameter("goto")%>></input><br>
<input type='submit' value='登录' style="width:100px;"></input>
</form>
</p></td>
</tr>
</table></td>
</tr>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>